Publications

« Calls are increasingly made for an urban land-use policy that takes non-vision sensory modalities into account, like hearing, but agents capable of making such changes often lack the expertise to do so. The best progress in acoustics so far has been through intentional soundscape design…. The paper establishes that soundscape researchers should be working with urban designers rather than urban planners to affect soundscape change on a multitude of urban scales, because of the nature of the task of the urban designer. A mode of interdisciplinary communication is established through three case studies that show the extent to which soundscape designers should be involved in the urban design process. »

« Previous studies have established that soundscape concerns constitute a low but significant priority for urban designers and planners, and that the way they conceive of acoustical concepts is different from soundscape researchers. The gap in discourse between planners and researchers has prevented the achievement of the best possible outcomes for soundscape. In May 2013, 3 public-sector urban planners were interviewed to investigate how planners consider soundscape in their decisions and evaluate the success of an intervention…. Our findings will inform the production of educational materials for urban planners to help them identify and achieve better soundscape outcomes in their native discourse. »

« While many sounds in our environment may cause annoyance to people, music is well-known to positively affect our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Within a longitudinal study, we explored how music influences the perception of our acoustic and visual environment…. Results reveal that during musical episodes, participants perceive their acoustic and visual environment as more pleasant, pay more attention to the soundscape, and report better mood states compared to non-musical episodes. » This study « provides insight on how people actively ‘design’ their environment with music, and how the motives for doing so depend on person-related and situational factors. »

« Three studies conducted by the authors each focused on urban activities in various ways. The first is a series of interviews with urban planners, addressing the gaps between planners and soundscape researchers…. The second study varied (envisioned) activity while collecting evaluations of soundscape appropriateness…. The third study was carried out using the so-called experience sampling method (ESM) where momentary (i.e. in-the-moment), in-situ soundscape evaluations were collected at various points of the day along with data on activity-at-hand, mood, and cognitive effort…. Besides contributing generally toward a theory of soundscape evaluation, our findings on the role of activity point toward further justification of the importance of soundscape over physical measurements in urban planning and design and provide a common link to achieve cross-disciplinary synthesis. »

« Central to the concept of soundscape is the understanding of the acoustic environment in context. Previous research indicates that people understand soundscapes through their potential for activities. One way to look at activities is through the concept of affordances – defined as the actionable properties of an object…. Fifteen participants listened to stereo recordings of 8 outdoors sites in Paris and Montreal. In each trial, they evaluated on a continuous scale how appropriate the soundscapes were for a given activity. Four activities were considered and presented in random order…. Certain soundscapes were found to accommodate specific activities only while others were found to potentially accommodate all activities or none. »

« A questionnaire study was conducted to investigate the sound quality of urban environments. Seventy-seven participants living in large French cities were questioned about their appraisal of familiar urban soundscapes in a free-response format questionnaire. A psycholinguistic analysis of spontaneous verbal descriptions was conducted to identify semantic categories of environmental sounds and relevant sound quality criteria for urban soundscapes. Our results confirm the influence of semantic features, besides physical ones, on auditory judgments, and further reveal the salience of human sounds. »

« The present research on cognitive categories mediates between individual experiences of soundscapes and collective representations shared in language…. First, results of several free categorisation experiments are presented, namely the categorical structures elicited using soundscape recordings and the underlying principles of organisation derived from the analysis of verbal comments…. Second, the linguistic exploration of free-format verbal description of soundscapes indicated that the meanings attributed to sounds act as a determinant for sound quality evaluations…. Finally, methodological and theoretical consequences of these findings are drawn, highlighting the need to address not only noise annoyance but rather sound quality of urban environments. »

« Cet article examine la façon dont les gens catégorisent les bruits de l’environnement dans leur vie quotidienne…. Un test de catégorisation libre avec verbalisation permet d’identifier les catégories auditives de bruit de l’environnement élaborées à partir de scènes sonores complexes du quotidien. Une première distinction émerge entre les ambiances à dominante de bruits d’activité humaine et les ambiances à dominante de bruits de circulation, en relation avec des jugements hédoniques. À un niveau subordonné, le processus de catégorisation opère selon les interactions possibles avec l’environnement au travers d’activités sociales…. Enfin, la pertinence de facteurs situationnels pour la catégorisation ainsi que les notions de catégories auditive et linguistique sont discutées. »

« Cet article présente les principaux résultats d’enquêtes sur la perception des basses fréquences dans l’environnement sonore urbain. L’analyse psycholinguistique, dont les principaux axes sont présentés, permet d’identifier différentes conceptualisations partagées à partir de l’étude des représentations langagières individuelles. La comparaison des résultats obtenus dans les différentes situations d’enquêtes indique qu’un même phénomène acoustique peut donner lieu à différents types de traitements cognitifs en fonction des conditions expérimentales du questionnement. Cette analyse nous permet donc de construire des dispositifs expérimentaux écologiquement valides en fonction des spécificités des représentations cognitives élaborées en situation réelle et des objets de recherches concernés. »

The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) « refers to a method of data collection in which people periodically make momentary (i.e. ‘in-the-moment’) judgments over the course of the day while naturally acting within their everyday environment…. We conducted a 7-day ESM study to investigate the relationship between momentary and retrospective soundscape judgments…. Results show that daily retrospective judgments of soundscape pleasantness can be predicted by the average and the linear trend of the momentary judgments, the negative peak, and the person’s mood while performing the judgment. Weekly retrospective judgments, however, are governed by the positive peak and the person’s mood. »

Cet article est une version abrégée et adaptée de l’acte de conférence « New insights into soundscape evaluations using the experience sampling method » presenté au Congrès Euronoise 2015, à Maastricht, Pays-Bas.

« Any expressed evaluation of an acoustic environment necessarily makes use of retrospection…. The influence of cognitive processes, especially memory representations of a temporal experience, may lead to a weighting of certain episodes in the course of an overall retrospective evaluation…. The results of our study confirm our assumption that retrospective judgments of soundscape pleasantness are not only governed by ‘cognitive averaging’ processes but also by specifically unpleasant peak moments. Moreover, the results provide further empirical evidence that judgment processes in auditory perception are influenced by a person’s mood and anticipation [of] how the soundscape experience might go on. »

« When an experience is evaluated retrospectively, its various elements have to be temporally integrated into an overall evaluation…. 49 listeners took part at this experiment comparing momentary and retrospective pleasantness judgments of soundscapes. The task of the experimental group was to indicate momentary judgments by continuously adjusting a slider on a computer interface over the course of the stimulus presentation. Additionally, the participants had to make an overall retrospective judgment of the soundscapes after listening to them…. This investigation shows that beyond pure ‘cognitive averaging’ the temporal development of the experience, especially in terms of its linear trend, is taken into account by the listener when evaluating soundscape as a whole. »

« Soundscape evaluations rely heavily on verbal descriptors often using Likert-type scales such as the Swedish Soundscape Quality Protocol (SSQP). While these scales have been validated in Swedish and English, the French-speaking soundscape community has struggled to find suitable French equivalents. Questionnaires were gathered in French and English in 3 urban locations using the SSQP, noise sensitivity (NSS) and restorativeness scales in addition to open-ended questions…. This across-study analysis, aided by Montreal’s unique status as a bilingual city, supports future uses of French-language materials for soundscape evaluations. »

« We compare 3 methods (behavioral mapping, questionnaires, sound recordings) to research the interaction between park users and their soundscapes…. We collected soundscape ratings and free-format verbal descriptions, together with demographics, activity data, and personality measures. Annotated sound recordings for each observation session were compared against source and activity descriptions and free format verbal descriptors were classified into emerging themes…. Wide variations in sound source identification across activity zones and across participants and researchers reveal an influence of the data collection method. Importantly, this project serves as a baseline against which we can compare soundscape studies taking place in other contexts and will inform future methodological efforts. »

« We introduce a methodology based on linguistic exploration of verbal data to investigate the influence of reproduction method on cognitive processing of environmental sounds in laboratory conditions. Three experiments were carried out to explore the ecological validity of reproduction systems. The reference study consisted of interviews conducted in actual environments, which were also recorded simultaneously. The recordings were used for two listening tests, the first one using stereophonic reproduction and the second one using multichannel reproduction. The comparison of the verbal data collected in the different contexts sketches some theoretical and methodological issues concerning the reproduction of everyday life scenes in laboratory conditions. »